About steel pipe flanges

Do you know anything about reducers? Reducers in Process PipingA reducer is a kind of pipe fitting used in process piping that reduces the pipe size from a larger bore toa smaller bore (inner diameter).A reducer allows for a change in pipe size to meet hydraulic flow requirements of the system, or to adapt to existing piping of a different size. The length of the reduction is usually equal to the average of the larger and smaller pipe diameters.There are two main types of reducer:Concentric reducersEccentric reducersReducers are usually concentric but eccentric reducers are used when required to maintain the same top-or bottom-of-pipe level.Concentric ReducerIn Concentric Reducer the reduction of the pipe size is achieved by decreasing the diameter of the fitting at a constant rate over a specified length, maintaining symmetry around the fitting. Concentric Reducersare used to join pipe or tube sections of different diameters on the same axis. They provide an in-line conical transition between pressurized pipes of differing diameters. Thus, concentric reducers connect pipes of unequal size but have a common centerline. The same fitting can be used in reverse as an concentric expander.Eccentric ReducerIn Eccentric Reducer the reduction of the pipe size is achieved by decreasing the diameter of the fitting at a constant rate over a specified length, maintaining one side of the fitting horizontally. An eccentric pipe reducer fitting is manufactured with the smaller outlet off center to the larger end, which allows it to align with only one side of the inlet. The same fitting can be used in reverse as an eccentric expander.Uses of Concentric and Eccentric ReducersIn horizontal liquid piping, eccentric reducer must be installed with flat side up so that it can prevent trapping air in the piping system. As an exception, same is flat side down in piperack where same Bottom of Pipe (BOP) has to be maintained. Other exception is with control valves. A eccentric reducer with flat side down will give a more constant flow through the control valve rather than a concentric reducer or eccentric reducer with flat side up, which will give your more flow disruption and will cause problems with your control valve.In horizontal gas / vapor / steam piping, eccentric reducer must be installed with flat side down which allows condensed water or fluid to drain at low points.

Do you know what are the sides of the flange？ Raised Face Flange (RF)The Raised Face flange is the most common type used in process plant applications, and is easily to identify. It is referred to as a raised face because the gasket surfaces are raised above the bolting circle face. This face type allows the use of a wide combination of gasket designs, including flat ring sheet types and metallic composites such as spiral wound and double jacketed types. The purpose of a RF flange is to concentrate more pressure on a smaller gasket area and thereby increase the pressure containment capability of the joint. For 150# and 300# flanges, the raised face is of 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) and is included in the thickness specified. For higher rating, the flange thickness does not include the raised face thickness.  Flat Face Flange (FF)The Flat Face flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle face. Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating flange or flanged fitting is made from a casting. Flat face flanges are never to be bolted to a raised face flange. Ring Type Joint (RTJ) The Ring Type Joint flanges are typically used in high pressure (Class 600 and higher rating) and/or high temperature services above 800°F (427°C). They have grooves cut into their faces which seats ring gaskets. The flanges seal when tightened bolts compress the gasket between the flanges into the grooves, deforming the gasket to make intimate contact inside the grooves, creating a metal to metal seal. An RTJ flange may have a raised face with a ring groove machined into it. 

Which flanges are we often used？ Slip On FlangeThe Slip On type flanges are attached by two fillet welds, inside as well as outside the flange. The calculated strength from a Slip On flange under internal pressure is of the order of two-thirds that of Welding Neck flanges, and their life under fatigue is about one-third that of the latter. Normally, these flanges are of forged construction and are provided with hub. Sometimes, these flanges are fabricated from plates and are not provided with the hub.The disadvantage of the flange is that a combination of flange and elbow or flange and tee is not possible because named fittings have not a straight end that complete slid in the Slip On flange. Socket Weld FlangeThe Socket weld flanges are attached by only one fillet weld, only on outside, and are not recommended for severe services. These are used for small-bore lines only. Their static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength is 50% greater than double-welded Slip On flanges. The thickness of connecting pipe should be specified for this type of flanges to ensure proper bore dimension.In socket weld flange, before welding, a space must be created between flange or fitting and pipe. ASME B31.1 Preparation for Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly says:In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to the maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1/16″ (1.6 mm) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket.The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a Socket Weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal. The image shows you the X measure for the expansion gap.The disadvantage of socket weld flange is right the gap, that must be made. By corrosive products, and mainly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack between pipe and flange can give corrosion problems. In some processes this flange is also not allowed. Threaded Flange The Screwed or Threaded flanges are used on pipe lines where welding cannot be carried out. A threaded flange or fitting is not suitable for a pipe system with thin wall thickness, because cutting thread on a pipe is not possible.Thus,thicker wall thickness must be chosen.ASME B31.3 Piping Guide says:Where steel pipe is threaded and used for steam service above 250 psi or for water service above 100 psi with water temperatures above 220°F, the pipe shall be seamless and have a thickness at least equal to schedule 80 of ASME B36.10.Socket welding and threaded flanges are not recommended for service above 250°C and below -45 C. Weld Neck FlangeWelding Neck Flanges are easy to recognize as the long tapered hub, that goes gradually over to the wall thickness from a pipe or fitting. The long tapered hub provides an important reinforcement for use in several applications involving high pressure, sub-zero and / or elevated temperatures. The smooth transition from flange thickness to pipe or fitting wall thickness effected by the taper is extremely beneficial, under conditions of repeated bending, caused by line expansion or other variable forces.These flanges are bored to match the inside diameter of the mating pipe or fitting so there will be no restriction of product flow. This prevents turbulence at the joint and reduces erosion. They also provide excellent stress distribution through the tapered hub.The Weld neck flanges are attached by butt-welding to the pipes. These are used mainly for critical services where all the weld joints need radiographic inspection. While specifying these flanges, the thickness of the welding end also should be specified along with flange specification. Blind FlangeBlind Flanges are manufactured without a bore and used to blank off the ends of piping, Valves and pressure vessel openings.From the standpoint of internal pressure and bolt loading, blind flanges, particularly in the larger sizes, are the most highly stressed flange types.However, most of these stresses are bending types near the center, and since there is no standard inside diameter, these flanges are suitable for higher pressure temperature applications.

The differences between ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 Series A, Series B 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 ASME B16.5 standard covers Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings from NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch in pressure class 150 to class 2500. It covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings. Two very important flanges such as weld neck flange and blind flanges are very commonly used in piping systems. The term "B16.5" or "B16 5" is used interchangeability and refers to same standard. However, the standard ASME B16 5 (ANSI B16 5) only covers size up to 24 inches. For bigger sizes, ASME B16.47 standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, and testing for pipe flanges in sizes NPS 26 through NPS 60 and in ratings Classes 75, 150, 300, 400, 600, and 900. 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 However, the standard ASME B16.47 is further divided into ASME B16.47 series A and ASME B16.47 series B flange for Blind flange and Weld-neck flange. Series B flange was also formerly known as API 605 flange. Term B16.47 or B 16 47 or ANSI B 16 47 are all used interchangeabily and refers to the same standard. 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 ASME B16.47(Large Diameter Steel Flanges) is a standard for large diameter steel pipe flanges sized from NPS 26 through NPS 60. The latest version provides dimensions and ratings in both metric and inch units. The ASME B16.47 incorporate MSS SP-44: Steel Pipeline Flanges and API 605: Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges. Therefore, the MSS SP-44 flanges are designated as ASME B16.47 Series A flanges, while API 605 flanges are designated as ASME B16.47 Series B flanges within this standard. Materials covered in this standard are as that in ASME B16.5 except for nickel alloys which means they share the same pressure-temperature chart for the selection of flange materials.

What is a steel flange(4)? 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 MEASUREMENTS Flanges within the same standard can either be flat (commonly cast iron, ductile iron) or raised face (commonly cast steel and stainless steel). These flange tables cover the critical flange dimensions to help identify what standard you have. 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 Critical flange dimensions help to identify the standard. 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 Pipe Size – Pipe flanges also have a corresponding pipe size, generally according to accepted standards. Outside Diameter of Flange (OD) – this is measured from outer edge to opposing outer edge. Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD) – this is a diameter that measures from the center of bolt hole to opposing bolt hole. Flange Thickness – this measures only the thickness of the attaching outer rim, and does not include the part of the flange that holds the pipe.

What is a steel flange(2)? Material Each flange material is to be considered for its application prior to ordering, this is due to the structural integrity of the application that the flange will be used on.Carbon steel is the main material  that JS FITTINGS make stock with. 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 Currently, the most common materials for flanges are:Carbon steel• ASTM A105/A266 Gr.2 (high temperature carbon steel flanges)  • ASTM A350 LF1 to LF3 (low temperature carbon steel flanges) • ASTM A694 Gr. F42/F52/F56/F60/F65 (high yield carbon steel flanges to match API 5L linepipes)Alloy Steel• ASTM A182 Gr. F1/F2/F5/F9/F11 Cl.2/F12 Cl.2/F22 Cl.3/F91 (alloy steel flanges)Stainless / Duplex Steel• ASTM A182 F304/304L, 316/316L, 321, 347, 348 (stainless steel flanges), 904/904L  • ASTM A182 F51 (duplex flanges)/F53-F55 (superduplex flanges) Nickel Alloys / Superalloys • ASTM B166 UNS NO6600 (Inconel 600)  • ASTM B564 UNS N06625 (Inconel 625)  • ASTM B425 UNS-NO8800 (Incoloy 800)  • ASTM B564 UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)  • ASTM B160 UNS N0200 (Nickel 200)  • ASTM B564 UNS N04400 (Monel 400)  • ASTM B564 UNS N10276 (Hastelloy C-276)Titanium • ASTM B381 Gr.2 (Titanium)

What is a steel flange? (1) A flange is a forged or casting steel ring designed to connect mechanically sections of pipe or join pipe to a pressure vessel, pump, valve or any other piece of equipment. 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 THE BASICS OF STEEL FLANGES 1111MicrosoftInternetExplorer402DocumentNotSpecified7.8 磅Normal0 Steel flanges provide an easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. They usually come in round shapes but they can also come in square and rectangular forms. The flanges are joined to each other by bolting and joined to the piping system by welding or threading and are designed to the specific pressure ratings; 150lb, 300lb, 400lb, 600lb, 900lb, 1500lb and 2500lb.A flange can be a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. This is called a blind flange. Thus, flanges are considered to be internal components which are used to support mechanical parts.

Advantages of flat welding flange and its precautions Advantage The flat welded flange not only saves space, reduces weight, but more importantly ensures that the joint is not leaked and has good sealing performance. The reduced size of the compact flange is due to the reduced diameter of the seal which will reduce the cross-section of the seal face. Secondly, the flange gasket has been replaced by a sealing ring to ensure that the seal faces the sealing surface. In this way, only a small amount of pressure is required in order to press the cover tightly. As the required pressure is reduced, the size and required number of bolts can be reduced accordingly, so a new design that is small in size and light in weight (70% to 80% lighter than conventional flanges) is designed. product. Therefore, the flat welding flange type is a relatively high quality flange product, which reduces the quality and space and plays an important role in industrial use. Precautions: 1. The steel plate for producing flat welding flange should be ultrasonically flawed, no delamination defects, guarantee good quality and performance problems, and be produced and inspected according to certain quality requirements to ensure that there is no quality problem in the steel plate produced and used;2, should be cut into strips along the rolling direction of the steel, butt welded into a ring shape, and the surface of the steel forms a cylindrical surface. When producing flat welding flanges, steel plates shall not be directly machined into neck flanges, and they shall be fabricated and processed by a certain process.

Application of JS flanges What is a flange? A pipe flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. Flanges are usually welded or screwed. Flanged joints are made by bolting together two flanges with a gasket between them to provide a seal. Carbon Steel Flanges are required for making tight, secure, & leak-free connections to an existing piping system according to need. JS Flanges have pre-drilled holes for hassle-free bolting using appropriate fasteners. JS flanges are also suitable for making fire pipe fitting in a reliable manner and during building & construction work. This category offered by JS FITTINGS includes Carbon Steel Welding Neck Flanges, Carbon Steel Slip-on Flanges, Carbon Steel Threaded Flanges, Carbon Steel Plate Flanges, Blind Flanges, Socket Welding Flanges, Ring Type Joint Flanges, Carbon Steel Reducing Flanges, and Carbon Steel Long Weld Neck Flange. They have a robust structural configuration with Anti-rust oil surface or galvanized surface thus assure good corrosion resistance. These steel flanges are highly durable in nature and do not require any special maintenance. In many applications, engineers need to find a way to close off a chamber or cylinder in a very secure fashion, usually because the substance inside must differ from the substance outside in composition or pressure.Flanges are integral parts of many engineering and plumbing projects.They do this by fastening two pieces of metal or other material together with a circle of bolts on a lip. This “lip” is a flange.PlumbingYou can connect two sections of metal piping by soldering or welding them together, but pipes connected in this way are very susceptible to bursting at high pressures. A way of connecting two sections of pipe more securely is by having flanged ends that you can connect with bolts. This way, even if gases or liquids build up to high pressures inside the pipe, it will often hold with no problem.MechanicsIn order to connect two sections of a large, enclosed area, it is often best to used flanges and bolts. An example of this is the connection between the engine and the transmission in an automobile. In this case, both the engine and the transmission contain a number of moving parts that can easily get damaged if they get dust or other small objects inside of them. By connecting the outer casings of the engine and transmission in this way, engineers protect the inner workings of both.ElectronicsFlanges have a specific purpose in cameras and other electronic devices. Though flanges in such items do not usually have to sustain high pressures, they do have to hold tight so they can keep out harmful particles. These flanges are usually found connecting two different materials, such as the glass of a lens and the rest of the body of the camera

Standard weight of ASME B 16.47 SER.B welding neck flanges and blind flanges SIZEWeight of Class 150Weight of Class 300Weight of Class 600 Weight of Class 900 DNNPSWN FLANGEBLIND FLANGEWN FLANGEBLIND FLANGEWN FLANGE BLIND FLANGE WN FLANGE BLIND FLANGE 65026"54.5169.4181.6411.8249.7 512.1 476.7 991.6 70028"63.6206.2204.3464.5295.1 647.9 620.1 1254.0 75030"68.1246.6249.7567.1367.8818.2826.31513.780032"77.2294.2311706.5431.3980.2937.61754.885034"95.4355.5340.5780.5547.11200.91112.32077.690036"109.0404.1381.4872.2608.41368.01144.12253.395038"131.7494.5415.51024.7////100040"140.8566.2449.51157.3////105042"156.7632.5515.31305.8////110044"168716.9560.71500.2////115046"197.5828.1667.41709.8////120048"218928.5715.11899.1////125050"236.11037.0776.42101.6////130052"249.71168.6835.42313.6////135054"281.51293.08992577.9////140056"295.11427.41178.23015.5////145058"354.21616.31257.63335.6////150060"386.91776.613033623.0//// Large-caliber flange ASME B 16.47 is one kind of the flanges. It is widely used and popularized in mechanical industry, chemical industry, wind power industry and sewage treatment industry. Forged flanges in large size have been praised and favored by users. Large-caliber flanges are widely used. The production process is divided into rolling and forging, and the extra large flanges can only be rolled. Material is carbon steel, stainless steel and alloy steel, etc.